答案请参见：https://flowus.cn/share/6a480ae2-79c3-4119-a525-ab480618c5bd?code=S9WPWL
【FlowUs 息流】外刊阅读理解测试
【FlowUs 息流】外刊阅读理解测试
2-continued: NASA said the large amount of water vapor could have been enough to temporarily affect Earth’s average temperature. This is because water vapor traps heat. However, the team noted that this effect would disappear over time when the extra water vapor “cycles out” of the stratosphere. This means the presence of the water vapor would not be enough to greatly affect climate change.
1. What recent event is the research discussing?
A. A tsunami in Tonga
B. An earthquake in Tonga
C. An eruption of the Tonga volcano
D. A hurricane near Tonga
2. What did the Tonga volcano release into the atmosphere?
A. Smoke and ash
B. Water vapor and particles
C. Carbon dioxide
D. Ozone and nitrogen
3. What part of the Earth’s atmosphere was affected by the Tonga volcano’s eruption?
A. The stratosphere
B. The troposphere
C. The mesosphere
D. The thermosphere
4. Why is the release of particles and water vapor significant?
A. It can affect weather patterns
B. It causes global warming
C. It improves air quality
D. It attracts tourists
5. What can be inferred about the impact of the Tonga volcano eruption?
A. It has no impact on the atmosphere
B. It might lead to climate changes
C. It only affected local areas
D. It has increased ocean temperatures
1. What recent event is the research discussing?
A. A tsunami in Tonga
B. An earthquake in Tonga
C. An eruption of the Tonga volcano
D. A hurricane near Tonga
2. What did the Tonga volcano release into the atmosphere?
A. Smoke and ash
B. Water vapor and particles
C. Carbon dioxide
D. Ozone and nitrogen
3. What part of the Earth’s atmosphere was affected by the Tonga volcano’s eruption?
A. The stratosphere
B. The troposphere
C. The mesosphere
D. The thermosphere
4. Why is the release of particles and water vapor significant?
A. It can affect weather patterns
B. It causes global warming
C. It improves air quality
D. It attracts tourists
5. What can be inferred about the impact of the Tonga volcano eruption?
A. It has no impact on the atmosphere
B. It might lead to climate changes
C. It only affected local areas
D. It has increased ocean temperatures
2. Study: Tonga Volcano Blasted Particles and Water High into Atmosphere
New research shows that the Tonga volcano sent large amounts of particles and water vapor into the upper reaches of Earth’s atmosphere.
Scientists used satellite equipment to measure the plume created by the Hunga Tonga Hunga Ha’apai undersea volcano. The blast, or eruption, of the volcano happened in January in the South Pacific near the island nation of Tonga.
The 10-minute eruption caused a series of large ocean waves, known as a tsunami, to hit areas around the world. The huge plume the volcano created included smoke, gas and water vapor.
Researchers at Britain’s University of Oxford studied the size of the plume and examined data showing how high it reached into the sky. They reported in a recent study in the publication Science the volcano produced the highest-ever reported plume.
The plume was the first to have broken through to the “mesosphere” level, or layer, of Earth’s atmosphere, the scientists said.
The mesosphere is the third-highest layer of Earth’s atmosphere above the stratosphere and the troposphere, which starts at the Earth’s surface. The mesosphere rises to 85 kilometers high. Meteors burn up within this layer.
The Oxford scientists said images captured by satellites suggested the volcano’s plume reached 57 kilometers into the sky. They said the previous record holder was Mount Pinatubo, which erupted in 1991. That volcano created a plume recorded as high as 40 kilometers.
“It’s the first time we’ve ever recorded a volcanic plume reaching the mesosphere,” said Simon Proud, a scientist at Oxford and Britain’s scientific research center RAL Space.
Proud added that the only other volcanic plume that might have reached the mesosphere might have been released in the eruption in 1883 of Krakatau, a small volcanic island in Indonesia. “But we didn’t see that in enough detail to confirm,” he said.
The researchers said progress in observational technology helped them reach their findings. The team used a method known as the “parallax effect” to measure the volcano’s plume.
The parallax effect describes a difference in the apparent position of an object when it is seen along two different lines of sight. The scientists said they used the parallax effect to examine the images captured from above by satellites.
Proud said his team was helped by satellites that recorded images every 10 minutes after the eruption, permitting them to document quick changes in the plume’s movements.
“Thirty years ago, when Pinatubo erupted, our satellites were nowhere near as good as they are now,” he said. “They could only scan the earth every 30 minutes. Or maybe even every hour.”
In a separate study, NASA researchers reported in August that the Tonga volcano also blasted a huge amount of water vapor into Earth’s atmosphere.
The space agency researchers said the vapor reached into the stratosphere, which stretches 50 kilometers high. But the amount of water vapor blasted into the atmosphere would have been enough to fill more than 58,000 Olympic-sized swimming pools.
“We’ve never seen anything like it,” said Luis Millán, an atmospheric scientist at NASA’s Jet Propulsion Laboratory in California. ·
Millán examined data from an instrument on NASA’s Aura satellite, which measures atmospheric gases, including water vapor. After the Tonga volcano erupted, NASA scientists started seeing extremely high vapor readings.
The NASA study, published in Geophysical Research Letters, estimated the plume injected an amount of vapor equal to about 10 percent of the water that already existed in the stratosphere. That was nearly four times the amount of water vapor scientists estimate the Mount Pinatubo eruption sent into the stratosphere, the researchers said.
New research shows that the Tonga volcano sent large amounts of particles and water vapor into the upper reaches of Earth’s atmosphere.
Scientists used satellite equipment to measure the plume created by the Hunga Tonga Hunga Ha’apai undersea volcano. The blast, or eruption, of the volcano happened in January in the South Pacific near the island nation of Tonga.
The 10-minute eruption caused a series of large ocean waves, known as a tsunami, to hit areas around the world. The huge plume the volcano created included smoke, gas and water vapor.
Researchers at Britain’s University of Oxford studied the size of the plume and examined data showing how high it reached into the sky. They reported in a recent study in the publication Science the volcano produced the highest-ever reported plume.
The plume was the first to have broken through to the “mesosphere” level, or layer, of Earth’s atmosphere, the scientists said.
The mesosphere is the third-highest layer of Earth’s atmosphere above the stratosphere and the troposphere, which starts at the Earth’s surface. The mesosphere rises to 85 kilometers high. Meteors burn up within this layer.
The Oxford scientists said images captured by satellites suggested the volcano’s plume reached 57 kilometers into the sky. They said the previous record holder was Mount Pinatubo, which erupted in 1991. That volcano created a plume recorded as high as 40 kilometers.
“It’s the first time we’ve ever recorded a volcanic plume reaching the mesosphere,” said Simon Proud, a scientist at Oxford and Britain’s scientific research center RAL Space.
Proud added that the only other volcanic plume that might have reached the mesosphere might have been released in the eruption in 1883 of Krakatau, a small volcanic island in Indonesia. “But we didn’t see that in enough detail to confirm,” he said.
The researchers said progress in observational technology helped them reach their findings. The team used a method known as the “parallax effect” to measure the volcano’s plume.
The parallax effect describes a difference in the apparent position of an object when it is seen along two different lines of sight. The scientists said they used the parallax effect to examine the images captured from above by satellites.
Proud said his team was helped by satellites that recorded images every 10 minutes after the eruption, permitting them to document quick changes in the plume’s movements.
“Thirty years ago, when Pinatubo erupted, our satellites were nowhere near as good as they are now,” he said. “They could only scan the earth every 30 minutes. Or maybe even every hour.”
In a separate study, NASA researchers reported in August that the Tonga volcano also blasted a huge amount of water vapor into Earth’s atmosphere.
The space agency researchers said the vapor reached into the stratosphere, which stretches 50 kilometers high. But the amount of water vapor blasted into the atmosphere would have been enough to fill more than 58,000 Olympic-sized swimming pools.
“We’ve never seen anything like it,” said Luis Millán, an atmospheric scientist at NASA’s Jet Propulsion Laboratory in California. ·
Millán examined data from an instrument on NASA’s Aura satellite, which measures atmospheric gases, including water vapor. After the Tonga volcano erupted, NASA scientists started seeing extremely high vapor readings.
The NASA study, published in Geophysical Research Letters, estimated the plume injected an amount of vapor equal to about 10 percent of the water that already existed in the stratosphere. That was nearly four times the amount of water vapor scientists estimate the Mount Pinatubo eruption sent into the stratosphere, the researchers said.
1. Italy Cheers Discovery of Ancient Bronze Statues
Archeologists have discovered more than twenty bronze statues from ancient Roman times in Tuscany, Italy over the past few weeks. They said the statues were well protected in thermal baths and are calling the discovery “exceptional.”
The statues were found in the town of San Casciano dei Bagni, about 160 kilometers north of Rome. It is a place where archaeologists have explored the ancient ruins of a bathhouse for the past three years.
Jacopo Tabolli is a professor at the University for Foreigners in Siena, Italy. He is the lead archaeologist on the project. He told Reuters on Tuesday, “It is a very significant, exceptional finding.”
Tabolli said the statues represent Greco-Roman religious figures like Apollo, the god of the sun. He explained that they were used to honor a holy place before they were put into the thermal baths as part of a ceremony during the height of the Roman Empire, “probably around the 1st century AD.” Tabolli said about the ceremony, “You give to the water because you hope that the water gives something back to you.”
The hot waters of San Casciano helped to protect the statues, which Tabolli said were, “almost like as on the day they were immersed.”
There were 24 large statues and several smaller ones. And they were also covered with nearly 6,000 bronze, silver, and gold coins.
Tabolli said that the use of bronze for the statues was unusual. At that time, statues were normally made from terracotta or red clay from the earth. This suggests that the bronze statues were made by a high-level group of people.
Italy’s Culture Ministry said the statues come from the 2nd century BC and the 1st century AD. That period was a time of great change in Tuscany as government rule moved from Etruscan to Roman.
Many conflicts and cultural exchanges happened during this time. The bathhouse of San Casciano was a safe place for those escaping unrest and war to share culture and language, the ministry said.
Gennaro Sangiuliano is Italy’s Culture Minister. He welcomed the finding and said that it would help with tourism. “This is an exceptional discovery which confirms once again that Italy is a country of immense and unique treasures,” Sangiuliano said in a statement.
ANSA, the Italian news agency reported that the statues will be cleaned and repaired before returning to San Casciano dei Bagi for a new museum.
1. What event recently sparked excitement in Italy?
A. The unveiling of a modern art exhibit
B. The discovery of ancient bronze statues
C. A famous Italian festival
D. The opening of a new museum
2. Where were the ancient bronze statues found?
A. In a hidden cave
B. Underwater in the sea
C. In a historic city
D. In a suburban garden
3. How are the ancient bronze statues significant to Italy?
A. They are reminders of Italy’s modern history
B. They offer insights into ancient artistic techniques
C. They represent contemporary Italian culture
D. They are related to Italian fashion
4. What is the reaction of historians and archaeologists to the discovery?
A. They are indifferent and see no importance
B. They are excited and eager to study the statues
C. They are skeptical about the authenticity
D. They are concerned about their preservation
5. What might be a potential impact of this discovery on tourism in Italy?
A. It will likely decrease tourist visits
B. It could attract more visitors interested in history
C. It has no effect on tourism whatsoever
D. It will lead to the closure of local attractions
Archeologists have discovered more than twenty bronze statues from ancient Roman times in Tuscany, Italy over the past few weeks. They said the statues were well protected in thermal baths and are calling the discovery “exceptional.”
The statues were found in the town of San Casciano dei Bagni, about 160 kilometers north of Rome. It is a place where archaeologists have explored the ancient ruins of a bathhouse for the past three years.
Jacopo Tabolli is a professor at the University for Foreigners in Siena, Italy. He is the lead archaeologist on the project. He told Reuters on Tuesday, “It is a very significant, exceptional finding.”
Tabolli said the statues represent Greco-Roman religious figures like Apollo, the god of the sun. He explained that they were used to honor a holy place before they were put into the thermal baths as part of a ceremony during the height of the Roman Empire, “probably around the 1st century AD.” Tabolli said about the ceremony, “You give to the water because you hope that the water gives something back to you.”
The hot waters of San Casciano helped to protect the statues, which Tabolli said were, “almost like as on the day they were immersed.”
There were 24 large statues and several smaller ones. And they were also covered with nearly 6,000 bronze, silver, and gold coins.
Tabolli said that the use of bronze for the statues was unusual. At that time, statues were normally made from terracotta or red clay from the earth. This suggests that the bronze statues were made by a high-level group of people.
Italy’s Culture Ministry said the statues come from the 2nd century BC and the 1st century AD. That period was a time of great change in Tuscany as government rule moved from Etruscan to Roman.
Many conflicts and cultural exchanges happened during this time. The bathhouse of San Casciano was a safe place for those escaping unrest and war to share culture and language, the ministry said.
Gennaro Sangiuliano is Italy’s Culture Minister. He welcomed the finding and said that it would help with tourism. “This is an exceptional discovery which confirms once again that Italy is a country of immense and unique treasures,” Sangiuliano said in a statement.
ANSA, the Italian news agency reported that the statues will be cleaned and repaired before returning to San Casciano dei Bagi for a new museum.
1. What event recently sparked excitement in Italy?
A. The unveiling of a modern art exhibit
B. The discovery of ancient bronze statues
C. A famous Italian festival
D. The opening of a new museum
2. Where were the ancient bronze statues found?
A. In a hidden cave
B. Underwater in the sea
C. In a historic city
D. In a suburban garden
3. How are the ancient bronze statues significant to Italy?
A. They are reminders of Italy’s modern history
B. They offer insights into ancient artistic techniques
C. They represent contemporary Italian culture
D. They are related to Italian fashion
4. What is the reaction of historians and archaeologists to the discovery?
A. They are indifferent and see no importance
B. They are excited and eager to study the statues
C. They are skeptical about the authenticity
D. They are concerned about their preservation
5. What might be a potential impact of this discovery on tourism in Italy?
A. It will likely decrease tourist visits
B. It could attract more visitors interested in history
C. It has no effect on tourism whatsoever
D. It will lead to the closure of local attractions
